The Most Expensive Thing in Investing: The Illusion of Certainty
There's no certainty in markets, only probabilities. When you think "this time is different" or "it will definitely rise," that's often when risk is highest.
什么是"确定性幻觉"
"这只股票一定会涨!"
"这次不一样!"
"我已经研究透了,不会错!"
如果你有过这样的想法,你就陷入了"确定性幻觉"。
确定性幻觉的定义:
为什么说它"最贵":
确定性幻觉的三种表现
表现1:"这次不一样"
典型场景:
心理机制:
结果:
表现2:"我已经研究透了"
典型场景:
心理机制:
结果:
表现3:"大家都在买,不会错"
典型场景:
心理机制:
结果:
为什么会有确定性幻觉
原因1:大脑的认知偏差
后见之明偏差:
确认偏差:
过度自信:
原因2:市场的欺骗性
牛市的欺骗:
幸存者偏差:
媒体的放大:
原因3:情绪的影响
贪婪:
恐惧:
真实案例:确定性幻觉的代价
案例1:2015年股灾中的"国家牛市"
背景:
确定性幻觉:
结果:
教训:
案例2:2017年比特币泡沫
背景:
确定性幻觉:
结果:
教训:
案例3:长期投资者的成功
背景:
心态:
结果:
教训:
如何避免确定性幻觉
方法1:用概率思维替代确定性思维
不要说:
而要说:
好处:
方法2:主动寻找反对意见
做法:
好处:
方法3:设置风险管理机制
做法:
好处:
方法4:记录决策过程
做法:
好处:
方法5:接受"不知道"
做法:
好处:
我的实践建议
1. **每次投资前,问自己三个问题:**
- 我为什么认为这个会涨?
- 什么情况下我会错?
- 如果错了,我能承受吗?
2. **用"如果...那么..."框架:**
- 如果市场上涨,我会...
- 如果市场下跌,我会...
- 如果出现意外,我会...
3. **定期复盘:**
- 哪些判断对了?为什么?
- 哪些判断错了?为什么?
- 有哪些是运气,哪些是能力?
4. **保持谦逊:**
- 市场永远比你聪明
- 不要因为几次成功就过度自信
- 尊重市场,敬畏风险
总结
投资里没有确定性,只有概率。
确定性幻觉的代价:
如何避免:
记住:
**最重要的:**当你觉得"一定会涨"时,正是最需要警惕的时候。
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Risk Warning & Information Disclosure
1. Not Investment Advice: This article is for educational and research purposes only and does not constitute investment advice. Investing carries risks; exercise caution in decision-making.
2. Market Risks: Markets carry risks; historical performance does not represent future results. Any investment may face principal loss.
3. Independent Decisions: Readers should make independent judgments based on their own circumstances and consult professional investment advisors when necessary.
4. Information Disclosure: The author may hold assets mentioned in the article. This article does not involve benefit transfers or commercial promotion.